India launched Chandrayaan 3

 

India Launches Chandrayaan 3: A Step Closer to Understanding the Moon

On July 14, 2023, India successfully launched its third lunar exploration mission, Chandrayaan 3. The mission, which was launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, India, is a follow-up to the Chandrayaan-2 mission, which was launched in 2019.

The main objective of Chandrayaan 3 is to soft land a lander and rover on the lunar surface. The lander, called Vikram, and the rover, called Pragyan, will be tasked with collecting data and conducting experiments on the lunar surface.

Chandrayaan 3 is also carrying a number of scientific payloads, including a spectrometer to study the chemical composition of the lunar surface, a camera to image the lunar surface, and a magnetometer to study the lunar magnetic field.

The success of Chandrayaan 3 will be a major achievement for India's space program. It will make India the fourth country to soft land a spacecraft on the moon, after the United States, the Soviet Union, and China.

The mission is also a significant step forward for international cooperation in space exploration. The European Space Agency (ESA) is providing a number of scientific instruments for the mission, and the United States is providing ground station support.

The launch of Chandrayaan 3 is a major milestone in India's space program. It is a testament to the country's growing capabilities in space exploration, and it is a step closer to understanding the moon.

The lander, Vikram, and the rover, Pragyan, successfully separated from the propulsion module on August 21, 2023. Vikram then entered the lunar orbit and began its descent towards the surface. However, the lander lost contact with the ground station during the final descent and crashed into the lunar surface.

Despite the loss of Vikram, the Chandrayaan-3 mission was a success in many ways. The mission demonstrated India's ability to soft-land a lander on the lunar surface, even in a challenging region such as the South Pole. The mission also carried out a number of scientific experiments, including the search for water ice on the moon.

Here are some of the key details of the Chandrayaan 3 mission:

• The mission was launched on July 14, 2023, from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, India.
• The mission is carrying a lander and rover, called Vikram and Pragyan, respectively.
• The lander is designed to soft land on the lunar surface, while the rover will be tasked with collecting data and conducting experiments on the lunar surface.
• The mission is also carrying a number of scientific payloads, including a spectrometer, a camera, and a magnetometer.
• The success of Chandrayaan 3 will make India the fourth country to soft land a spacecraft on the moon.
• The mission is a significant step forward for international cooperation in space exploration.

Main achievements of Chandrayaan-3:

• Soft landing of a lander on the lunar surface, even in a challenging region such as the South Pole.
• Deployment of a rover on the lunar surface.
• Conduct of a number of scientific experiments, including the search for water ice on the moon.
• Demonstration of India's ability to soft-land a lander and deploy a rover on the lunar surface.

The success of Chandrayaan-3 is a major milestone for India's space program. It is a testament to the hard work and dedication of the ISRO team. The mission has also raised India's profile in the global space community.

Failures of Chandrayaan 2 after which Chandrayaan 3 mission started:-

Chandrayaan-2 was a robotic lunar mission launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in July 2019. The mission consisted of a lunar orbiter, a lander, and a rover. The lander, Vikram, was supposed to soft-land on the Moon's south pole, but it lost contact with ground control minutes before touchdown. The orbiter and rover continued to operate in lunar orbit and on the lunar surface, respectively, until their missions ended in 2022.

The failure of Vikram was a major setback for ISRO, but the agency learned from its mistakes and launched Chandrayaan-3 in August 2023. Chandrayaan-3 is a repeat of Chandrayaan-2, but with several changes to improve the chances of success. These changes include:

• A revised landing site that is less challenging than the south pole.
• A more powerful lander with improved braking systems.
• A more advanced rover with better mobility.
• A more robust communication system.

The failures of Chandrayaan-2 were a major disappointment for India, but the success of Chandrayaan-3 is a testament to the resilience and determination of ISRO. The mission is a major milestone in India's space program and a source of pride for the country.

Specific failures of Chandrayaan-2 that led to the development of Chandrayaan-3:

• The lander, Vikram, experienced a communication blackout during its descent to the lunar surface. This was due to a combination of factors, including a software glitch and a problem with the lander's communication system.
• The landing site was too challenging for the lander. The south pole of the Moon is a rugged and mountainous region, and Vikram was not equipped to land safely in this area.
• The lander's braking system was not powerful enough to slow it down enough for a safe landing. This was due to a design flaw in the braking system.

Chandrayaan-3 was designed to address these failures. The new lander has a more powerful braking system and a more robust communication system. The landing site was also chosen to be less challenging.